Hot-water boiler



Nov, 20 ,1923.

L. DOERR HOT WATER BOILER Fi led Sept. '7, 121

'WTNE-SSESI I 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 ATTORN EY INVENTOR4 Nov. 20, 1923.1,475,056

L. DOERR HOT WATER BOILER Filed Sefat. 7, 1921 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 NVENTORWITNESSES ATTORNEY Nov. 20 1923. 1,475,056

L. DOERR HOT WATER BOILER Filed Sept. 7. 1921 4 SheQts-Sh et 5 INVENTORATTORNEY rzcaDaerr WITNESSES W Patented Nov. 20, 1923.

waste PATENT ()FFlfiE.

LAWRENCE DOERR, OF SILVERTON, OREGON.

HOT-WATER BOILER.

Application filed September 7, 1921. Serial No. 499,029.

To (24% whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LAWRENCE Donna, a citizen of the United States,residin at Silverton, in the county of Marion and tate of Oregon, haveinvented a new and useful Hot-Water Boiler, of which the following is aspecification. o

This invention relates to heating apparatus, and is more particularlydirected to a hot water boiler forming a part of a heating system.

An object of this invention is to provide a simple construction whichwill give greater efficiency than has been heretofore obtained, and thesame is accomplished by surrounding the fire with water tubes which mayform single or collective units, and which are connected-at one of theirends with a base manifold and at their other end with a dischargemanifold whereby a quick passage is afforded between the regions oflowest temperatures and those of the highest temperatures.

Furthermore, by an improved construction the burning gases of combustionare forced to pass twice over certain of the water tubes in order thatas much heat as possible may be absorbed by the water in the tubes andthereby increasing the heat absorption of the apparatus.

By the use of bent tubes instead of sections of tubing connectedtogether by standard fittings, all restrictions in the water tubes areeliminated, thereby providing for an unrestricted upward flowof'thewater between the lower and higher temperatures.

The invention will be best understood from a consideration of thefollowing detailed description'taken in connection with the accompanyingdrawing forming part of this specification, with the understanding,however, that the invention is not confined to any strict conformitywith the showing in the drawing, but may be changed and modified so longas such changes and modifications mark no material departure from thesalient features of the invent-ion as expressed in the appended claims.

In the drawings I Fig. 1 is a side elevation showing the construction ofthetubes with a portion of the fire wall broken away.

Fig. 2 is a front view with the front section of the casing removed todisclose the arrangement of the water tubes.

Fig. 3 is a transverse section along the line 3-3 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a transverse section along the line 4--4 of Fig. 1, just abovethe grate.

Fig. 5 is a rear view of the tubular heating system with the fire wallsremoved, showing the arrangement of the water tubes.

Fig. 6 is a perspective of my improved form of sectional baffle.

Primarily, the heater consists of a U shaped base manifold, a riser orrear column and an upper centrally-disposed single discharge manifold,connected directly to the U-shaped manifold by the rear column and watertubes of smaller caliber. A wall or casing surrounds the series of tubesand is provided with fuel, draft and cleaning doors, the doors being soarranged as to give access to every part of the interior of the furnace.

Referring to the drawing, 1 designates the side walls, and 2 the rearwall of the heater which are preferably made of fire brick. The frontwall 3 is provided with an upper door 4, which is adapted to provide anopening through which the upper portion of the heater may be cleaned. Astoking door 5 is hingedly mounted below the door 4. Located upon thelower end of the front wall 3 is an ash pit and draft door 6. The rearwall 2 is provided with openings 7 in which are secured frames. 8 and 9in which are hingedly mounted doors 10 and 11, respectively, the doorsproviding access to the rear of the furnace.

A cover 12 closes the top of the furnace, and is formed of the usualmaterials suitable for the purpose, the same being covered by a layer ofsand 13 or other insulating material.

Resting upon the base 14: of the furnace is a U-shaped manifold formedof the two arms 15 and 16 with a connecting pipe 17 at the rear of thefurnace. A'riser or rear column 18 is connected at its lower end by a Tjoint 19 to the central portion of the connecting pipe 17 of theU-shaped mania fold, and at its other end-to a single discharge manifold20 running centrally'and longitudinally of the furnace beneath the roof12 of the casing. The arm 15 of the U-shaped manifold is connected bymeans of the pipes 21 and 22 to a water supply which is controlled bythe valve 23 for admitting water to the tubular system. The U-shapedmanifold is connected to the discharge manifold 20 by means of a seriesof sinuous or zig zag tubes extending transversely in vertical planesacross the fire chamber of the furnace.

Connected to the arm 15 of the U-shaped manifold are risers 24 and 25which extend upwardly alongside of the side wall 1 for a portion of itsheight, and then horizontally at 27 across the furnace as shown in Fig.2. These risers are bent at 28 to form a plurality of return bends 27horizontally located in the upper part of the furnace and connected at29 upon the same side of the manifold 20 upon which the arm 15 of theU-shaped manifold is located.

A plurality of risers 30 and 31 extend upwardly from the arm 16 of theUshaped manifold upon the side of the furnace opposite to the locationof the arm 15, and are likewise provided with a plurality of returnbends 32 which extend horizontally between the side walls 1 of thefurnace in a manner similar to the return bends 27 of the risers 24and25, but in staggered relation to the return bends 27. The ends of therisers 30 and 31 are connected upon the same side of the manifold 20upon which the arin 16 of the U-shaped manifold is located.

The risers 24 and 30 have inwardly-extending pipes or spur tubes 33 and34, respectively, which fall shortof the center of the furnace and areadapted to support a plurality of parallel water. tubes 35 connected byU couplings 36. The rear ends of a pair of parallel water tubes 37 areconnected upon opposite sides of the pipe 18 to the rear connections 17of the arms 15 and 16 of the U-shaped manifold, and their forward endsare connected by means of U couplings 38 to the ends of the centrallylocated pipes 35. The outer ends of certain of the pipes 35 areconnected by elbows 39 to longitudinally extending pipes 40 which extendrearwardly and then upwardly as shown at 41 in Fig. 1, and have suitableconnections-at 42 with the riser 18. The pipes 35, 37 and 40 are held inspaced relation at their forwardend's in any ap-' proved manner as bythe flanges 43 on the U couplin s (Fig. 4), these pipes forming thegrate of t 1e furnace.

. The rearmost vertical water tubes 25' and 31 are bent into sinuous orzig zag form as seen at 2'7 and 32, respectively, at a lower level thanthewater tubes '25 and 31 in orger to provide the rear portion of thefire- The horizontal pipes 35, 37 and 40 and the U-fittings 36,538 and39 form zig zag coils which constitute a Water grate and are spaced toadmit a large and sufficient volume of air to the fuel in the combustionchamber in order to maintain proper combustion in the chamber.

Resting upon the inwardly extending pipes pipes 33 and 34, and near theside walls 1 of the furnace, are a series of zig zag or sinuous watertubes forming collective units to provide the sides of the fire-box. Thetubes 44 are bent at their inner ends, while at their outer ends theyare connected by the U-fittings 45. The lowermost pipe 44 of eachsideunit is connected by a U'fitting to a pipe 46 which runslongitudinally of the furnace and downwardly as shown at 47 and isconnected to the member 17 of the U-shaped manifold. The extreme upperpipe 44 of each side unit is connected by a Ufitting to pipe 48 whichruns rearwardly of the furnace and upwardly, as shown at 49, and isconnected at 50 to the riser 18. It will be seen .from Figs. 2 and 5,that the parallel pipes 44 and the pipes 46 and 48 are located'on bothsides of the furnace and form side water walls for the combustionchamber.

Leading upwardly from the manifold 20 at its forward end is a pipeconnection 51 to carry the hot water to the radiators distributedthroughout the building on the upper floors. The pipe 51 is connected byan elbow to a pipe 52 which, at suitable points, is connected by risers53 carrying the hot water to the radiators 54. A return pipe 55, shownin Figs. land 2, connected to a radiator 54, connects with the largereturn pipe 56 and to the fall pipe 57 which carries the water of coolertemperature back to the pipe 21 and into the U-shaped manifold locatedat the bottom of the furnace. A stand-pipe 58 is connected to the returnpipe 56, at 58, and is carried upwardly and connected with the usualexpansion tank (not shown).

A thermometer 59 and an altitude gage 60 have connections with'themanifold 20, the purposes of which are perfectly obvious to thoseskilled in the art;

"Secured to' the front wall 3 of the furnace is a baffle 61 shown morein detail in Fig. 6. The battle is of a knockdown-character, and byreason of such a character the same may be readily assembled ordismantled in the furnace without disturbing any of the pipes or therelated constructions.

- This baffle is formed of central sections bolted together anddesignated by the numerals 62, 63 and 64, and the side or border members65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, in such a manner thatthe plate may bereadilya'ssembled and placed imposition as shown in Figure 1. The endmembers 65' and 68 abut the central sections 62, while the end members66 and 69' abut the ends of the central section 63, and these endmembers and central sections are joined together by means of the bracebar 71 which is bolted to these end or border members and centralmembers. The end members 67 and 70 abut the ends of the central section64 and are connected to the central member 63 and the end members 66 and69 by means of a brace bar 72 which is bolted to the flanged portions 73and 74 of the central members 63 and 64, respectively, and the inturnedflange portions of the respective end members.

It will be seen that a number of slots 75 are provided in the inner sideedges of the border members just described, the inner open end of eachslot being closed by the ends of the central members 62. 63 and 64, sothat as these slots 75 are fitted around certain of the vertical pipes,the central members 62, 63 and 64: may be applied to the end members andsecured thereto by means of the brace bars whereby the bafiie may beplaced sectionally within the furnace or sectionally removed withoutcausing its destruction. The baffle 61 is thus held against lateraldisplacement by reason of some of the vertical tubes passing through theperforations 75. The depending flange 64: on the outer end of the batfleis bolted to the front wall 3 of the furnace. A flue 76 located at aproper height near the front of the furnace, and in either side wall andjust above the battle, is adapted to carry off the hot gases ofcombustion.

The several conduits or hot water pipes and radiators are filled byopening the valve 23 to admit water to the pipe 21, the U-shapedmanifold and the various pipes connected therewith, until the altitudegage 60 shows that the water has reached its proper height in thesystem. A fire is then built in the fire-box and the burning gases arecarried upwardly and circulate through the horizontal parallel pipes 27and 32, beneath the bafiie 61, then rearwardly of the furnace, aroundthe rear edge of the stepped bafiie and over-the top of the same, thenforwardly and downwardly to the lowest part of the bafiie and escapeinto the fine 76 as indicated by the arrows shown in Fig. 1. By thismeans, the burning gases are caused to travel twice over the horizontalpipes.

The water throughout the several conduits and radiators being of thesame temperature before the fire is started, will be heated in themanifolds and collective units located in the furnace by the fire-boxand the circulation of the hot gases which, by reason of the baflie 61,are caused to pass twice over the water tubes, causing a more rapid andei'iicient heating of the water in said tubes. By reason of theproximity of the water tubes 44, 46 and as, which, as

a collective unit, form the sides of the firebox, and the water tubesand which form the water grate, the water in these collective units isheated very readily, and since these units are connected with theU-shaped manifold located at the bottom of the furnace and by thevertical pipes 49 and 4L1, respectively, to the riser 18, at 50 and 42,respectively, near the upper end of the riser, there will be a short anddirect connection between the U-shaped manifold and the dischargemanifold 20 for the unrestricted flow of the, heated water. The pipes24-, 25 and 25, and the pipes 30, 31 and 31, form other collective unitswhich are respectively connected with the arms 15 and 16 of the U-shapedmanifold, and also form a direct connection between the U-shapedmanifold and the discharge manifold 20.

The water in these tubes having been heated by the furnace and thereforelighter than cold water which is located in the radiators 54 and thereturn pipes 56 and 57, will rise by reason of the differences of thespecific gravities of the r'dilferent volumes of water because of theirdifferences in temperature, and the cold water being heavier will flowdownwardly through the return pipes and into the U-shaped manifold andforce the hot water upwardly through the system. This circulation willbe onstant and in a short time the water circulated through theradiators will be sufliciently hot for heating purposes. Since thesystem is a closed-circuit, the cold or return water soon becomes warmafter passing around several times through the system.

It will be noted that in this hot water heating system that a pluralityof direct connections are had between the receiving U-shaped manifoldand the discharge manifold 24, and these connections are not onlylocated within the, hottest regions of the furnace but the burning gasesfrom the combustion chamber are returned upon certain water tubes,whereby the water will be quickly heated, and the velocity ofcirculation will be speeded up.

Since the velocity of circulation depends upon two things, namely z-thedifference in the specific gravity between the outgoing and incomingwater and the height from the bottom of the furnace to the top of theradiators whereby a quick heating and an unobstructed flow of water inthe system produces hot radiators, it will be readil seen that theseconditions are fulfilled by; the system illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2,since all the water tubes whether they form single or collective units,are connected directly with the base manifold and the discharge manifoldand surround the fire, whereby a quick interchange of water is effectedbetween the regions of higher and lower tem-, peratures. This,therefore, insures a rapld circulation of the water through the sysnecting the legs of the U-shaped manifold to said discharge manifold,said tubes being vertical for a portion of their length above said legsand then bent into zig zag form across the space between said legs, afire chamber being formed below some of said zig zag tubes, water tubesforming water walls at the sides and rear end of the chamber, and zigzag tubes forming a grate, saidtubes forming the side water walls, andthe grate being connected to said lower manifold and said riser.

2. In a water heater for heating systems, a U-shaped base manifold, asingle upper manifold parallel to the legs of the ll-shaped manifold,water tubes connecting the legs of the base manifold with the uppermanifold, said water tubes being vertical for a portion of their lengthabove the legs and being bent in zig zag form intermediate their lengthin vertical transverse planes across and above said legs, a water gratecomprising zig zag tubes having their legs parallel to the legs of thebase manifold, a

casing surrounding the heater, and a bafiie for directing the productsof combustion in low the bent portions of the tubes, longitu 'dinalwater tubes ad acent said .wertidal portions on both legs of themanifold, said longitudinal tubes being connected in zig zag relationforming side water walls above said grate and being connected to saidbase manifold and to said riser pipej 4. In a hot water heatingsystem,the combination of a U-shaped base manifold, an upper centrallydisposed single discharge manifold, a rear column connected to saidmanifolds, water tubes of smaller diameter directly connecting the twomanifolds, certain of said water tubes of smaller diameter formingcollective units and comprising spaced pipes adjacent the side walls ofthe casing and connected with the U-shaped manifold and with the rearcolumn, a plurality of water tubes forming a grate and connected withthe U-shaped manifold and with the rear column, and a plurality ofvertical tubes connected to the arms of the U-shapedmanifold and saidtubes being bent in zig zag form above said grate and extendingtransversely and alternately from opposite sides of the side walls ofthe casing and joining that side of the discharge manifold where therespective tubes are connected with the arm of the U-shaped mem her.

5. In a water heater for hot water heat ing systems, a U-shaped lowermanifold, an upper manifold, zig-zag water tubes connecting saidmanifolds, said Zig-zag tubes extending across and above the spacebetween the legs of the U-shaped manifold, each of the tubes having astraight vertical portion above one of said legs, horizontal spur tubesextending inwardly between the legs and connected to some of thevertical portions, and water tubes supported on the spur tubes adaptedto form awater grate.

6. In a water heater, a U-shaped base manifold, an upper centrallylocated discharge manifold. water tubes connected to the legs of theU-shaped manifold and the upper manifold, said tubes rising verticallyabove said legs for a portion of their length, horizontal spur tubesconnected to the verticalportion of some of said tubes and extendinginwardly between the legs of the U-shaped manifold, and a water gratecomprising zig-zag water tubes supported on said spur tubes and havingcirculating connections with said manifolds.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I have hereto affixedmy signature.

LAWRENCE DOERR.

